Do We Know Him?

Exodus 5.1-6.13

Good morning, it's a pleasure to be with you this morning, and thank you for keeping this text open in front of you.

I confess to being an expert on plans that don't go as planned. A few years ago, my wife and I had the idea of going camping.

Everything went perfectly until the first meal. First problem - I couldn't get the camping gas to work. Our tinned food was eaten cold. Second problem - I had thought of the electric pump to inflate the mattress. I hadn't thought about the fact that once inflated, the mattress wouldn't fit into the tent. Third problem - it was extremely cold for May, so much so that we had to abandon the tent and sleep in the car, except that our only blanket was full of cat hair ... to which we're both allergic.

If I were to suggest camping together now, I think you'd find it hard to take the plan seriously.

Which brings us to our question this morning - what do we do when God's plan of salvation seems about as successful as my camping weekend?

What's the answer when you don't find God's plan of salvation credible?

Let's be honest.

There are plenty of reasons to doubt its credibility! First of all, our lives often don't look very saved! Does believing in Jesus improve anything? Often it doesn’t seem to!

I'm thinking of someone who had quite a complicated life for the first thirty years of her life, including her family. She gave her life to Jesus. What happened next? In a way, things got worse. Her family did not appreciate this choice.

My dear wife converted at the age of 19. Not long afterwards, she discovered that she had a chronic illness. Difficulties, illnesses and personal tragedies don't stop when you believe in Jesus. Sometimes they increase.

Our lives don't always seem very saved.

But that's not all. We're surrounded by people who don't believe at all in God's plan of salvation! For many of our contemporaries, the idea of putting their hopes in things they can't see makes no sense.

In a month's time, Connexion will be organising a week of evangelism. Don't be surprised if many of the people we talk to find it hard to take God's salvation seriously.

Finally, even to us who believe, sometimes God's plan of salvation can seem ... a bit 'huge' ... in the wrong sense of the word!

A bit big.

We expect the resurrection, eternal life and a new earth when nothing we see with our own eyes seems to confirm this expectation.

Can we believe it?

What is the answer when God's plan of salvation doesn't seem credible?

The book of Exodus - this is the book to which generations of God's people systematically returned ... when God's salvation seemed hard to believe.

When they were beaten by their enemies, slaughtered because of their sin, exiled because of their disobedience, the book they returned to was Exodus.

This morning we will see that the difficulty of taking God's salvation seriously is nothing new.

Exodus 5 and 6 describe a situation where we struggle with this very problem. We'll see that the answer lies in knowing who the Lord, our God, really is.

1. The appearance of God's failure

First of all ... there are times when God's plan of salvation not only seems hard to believe; it looks like a failure!

Let's imagine you were the author of Exodus. You've just described one of the most famous moments in the Bible. God has revealed himself to Moses in the burning bush, told him to bring the people out, and even given him a few super-stylish miracles to show that it's not a hoax.

Moses went back to the Israelite leaders, presented them with all this and - Exodus 4.31:

"The people believed. They heard that the Lord cared for the Israelites, that he had seen their suffering, and they fell down and worshipped."

Now write the rest!

Here's what I would have written:

Moses stood before Pharaoh and said, "The Lord has appeared to us. He wants you to set us free. Here are a few miracles so that you will believe me".

Pharaoh replied: "OK".

That's the dream. The reality is that the plan seems to be going even worse than my failed camping weekend.

Pharaoh refuses and worse:

Exodus 5 verse 6:

"The same day, Pharaoh gave the following order to the people's inspectors and commissioners: "You will no longer give straw to the people to make bricks as you did before. They will collect straw themselves. You will, however, require them to make the same quantity of bricks as they did before, but you will not do away with any of it. For they are lazy. That's why they cry out: 'Let's go and offer sacrifices to our God!

First failure. They can't leave, and now their situation is even worse than before. Thank you, Moses. And that's not all. The Israelites can no longer fill their quota of bricks. Their leaders were beaten by the Egyptians. They go to see Pharaoh to complain.

Verse 15

"The Israelites' commissioners went to complain to Pharaoh, saying, 'Why do you treat your servants like this? Your servants are not given straw and we are told, 'Make bricks!' And behold, your servants are beaten as if your people were guilty." Pharaoh replied, "You are lazy, nothing but lazy. That's why you say, 'Let's go offer sacrifices to the Lord!" Now go to work."

Second failure. The Israelite leaders are humiliated. Thanks again to Moses.

So they approach Moses and Aaron at the exit. Verse 21:

"May the Lord look upon you and be your judge! Because of you, Pharaoh and his servants have nothing but disgust for us; you have put a sword in their hands to slaughter us."

Third failure. The people no longer believe in Moses' plan ... and Moses is not far from no longer believing in God's plan.

Verse 22

Moses returned to the Lord and said, "Lord, why have you done evil to this people? Is this why you sent me? Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has been harming this people, and you have not delivered your people at all."

"Lord, why have you harmed us?"
Have you ever prayed that?

"Lord, why have you hurt me?"

At Easter a few years ago, Anne-Sophie and I wanted to take the opportunity to share the good news of Jesus with other parents from our daughters' school. We thought everyone needed some good news. It was during the lockdown. We sent out a message on WhatsApp to several people to get them thinking about the meaning of Easter.

The reaction was hostile and humiliating.

Why, Lord? Is this your plan? We just wanted to obey you.

A group of teenagers wanted to set up a high school Bible group. They could have met informally, but instead they asked the headmaster for permission. It was forbidden to meet in the school.

I imagine we can all think of times when we've asked ourselves: "Lord, why did you hurt us?

In Exodus 5, the hardest thing to swallow is that the one who doesn't care about God seems to win! Pharaoh seems to win out over God.

Just as in many places even today, those who oppose God's salvation also seem to have the upper hand.
Sometimes God seems to have failed and his plan seems really hard to believe.

In a way, that's reassuring. Even in the Bible, we struggled with this. Nothing new under the sun!

But it does raise a question.

In the previous chapters, God warns Moses that things would happen this way. He's not caught off guard.

But then ... why . Why does God deliberately let the situation get so bad before it gets better? Why doesn't the plan work the first time?

It seems to me that it's to put his finger on a problem that he wants to solve.

The problem of ignorance

What these failure-like situations reveal is what we know - or don't know - about God.

These situations, which we all encounter, where it seems that God has not been there, expose our convictions.

This is what we discover in Exodus 5.

No one knows the Lord. Not yet.

Verse 2

"Pharaoh replied [to Moses' request]: "Who is the Lord, that I should obey his commands and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord and I will not let Israel go.""

Behind his cruelty and arrogance is ignorance of the LORD. It's not that he doesn't know that the Israelites have a god. All the peoples of the time had gods. The Egyptians had many. It's rather that he doesn't see why he should submit to the Lord.

I have a neighbour who is a policeman and I met him before I knew he was a policeman. I used to see a police car parked outside my window, so I started to worry, and then I found out that my neighbour was a policeman.

Before I found out, if he'd asked me to move my car, for example, I might not have felt obliged to do it.

But now that I know, it's different.

Perhaps the same goes for the pharaoh. He surely knows that the Israelites worship a god. He just doesn't see why he, the most powerful man in the world, should obey it.

Pharaoh doesn't know the Lord, but neither do the Israelites. Again, it's not that they didn't believe in his existence. Just before, they had heard that God was looking after them, they had fallen down and worshipped him. They had believed in God. They sang hymns.

But when the going gets tough, their reaction proves that they don't really know him yet. Not like they should.

And that's not all. Even Moses doesn't really know the Lord.

He spoke with him. He has heard his words, but in the face of Pharaoh's attitude, which God had warned him about, he too shows that he doesn't really know the Lord.

"Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak on your behalf, he has been doing evil to this people and you have not delivered your people at all."

Can we see what the author is up to?

Behind the difficulties in believing in his plan, behind the frustration, anger or bitterness, there is a more fundamental problem.

The problem of not knowing God. Nobody knows him as well as they should.

In September I'll be married to Anne-Sophie for 15 years. In 15 years you have time to get an idea of a person's character.

Let's imagine that this week I start going through her messages and emails. When she leaves the house, I follow her. When she goes to work I call her colleagues to check she's there.

I decide not to trust her.

What does that say about me? That I don't know my wife! If I really knew her, I'd know that I had nothing to worry about.

It's the same thing in this passage. This difficulty in taking God's plan of salvation seriously reveals an ignorance of who God is.

When we talk about ignorance, we're not just talking about a lack of information.

It is an ignorance like that of the people in this passage. They know that the Eternal exists. But to the extent that they don't take him seriously, don't fear him and don't trust him ... they show that they don't know who the Eternal One is.

This is always revealed when life doesn't go according to plan or when we struggle to trust God.

What we believe - or don't believe - about who he is.

Pain is often the true test of what we believe.

For example, if like me you've ever worried about money, you know what those moments reveal about our belief, or lack of belief, that God is a father who cares for his children.

I think of a missionary friend during the pandemic who, as he watched the economy plummet, was very worried about his financial support and confided in me that he doubted God's goodness.

My wife's health problems over the last few years have forced us to ask ourselves the same question. Who is the Lord? Who is he really?

It's easy to think that what keeps us going in times of trial is some kind of superhuman inner strength, as if faith were some kind of superpower.

The Bible says otherwise. The source of perseverance and faith is authentic knowledge of God. That's why in this passage God deliberately puts the Israelites in the deep end. To teach a lesson that they were going to have to learn and that we too have to learn.

When the world falls apart, when God's plan takes an unexpected turn, the fundamental question is: do you know me?

Do you know the Lord?

It's the most decisive question a human being can ask himself.

By default, we are like the Israelites. We all evolve with a greater or lesser ignorance of God.

That's why this passage shows us not only the problem of ignorance of God but also the need for God's revelation.

The need for God's revelation

The answer to doubt, the answer to discouragement, the answer when God's plan doesn't seem credible, is ... to know who the Lord, our God, is.

In a way, it's like any other relationship. Why do I trust my wife, why do I love her, why am I happy to walk alongside her even when life is difficult?

Because I know her! I know who she is! What I have seen of her identity confirms that she is trustworthy.

That's why in chapter 6 God speaks to Moses again, hammering home 4 times: "I am the LORD."

He insists on his identity.

And look at verse 6 of chapter 6

"Therefore say to the Israelites: 'I am the Lord, I will free you from the burdens of the Egyptians, I will deliver you from their slavery and I will redeem you with power and with great acts of judgement. I will take you to be my people, I will be your God, and you will know that I am the Lord, your God, who will free you from the burdens of the Egyptians.

The weight given to a name depends very much on the exploits of the person in question.

Ten years ago, the name 'Mbappe' didn't mean much to most people. If I said of a footballer, 'that's the next Mbappe', people wouldn't have understood. But now that we've seen his exploits in two World Cups, we know who we're dealing with when we hear the name Mbappe. It's not that he didn't exist ten years ago. It's rather that he 'revealed' himself to the world through his exploits on the pitch.

I apologise for the football illustration.

It's a bit like what God announces he's going to do for his name 'the Eternal'.

He is going to reveal by his exploits in what reverence, in what honour, in what wonder his name is to be held. Who the Eternal One is.

This explains a verse that may seem a little odd. Exodus 6 verse 3

"I appeared to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob as the Almighty God, but I did not fully make myself known to them by my name, the LORD."

This verse can be perplexing.

When we read the stories of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in Genesis, we find the name the Eternal. So how can we understand God telling Moses that he had not revealed his name to them?

The explanation, which I find the most likely, is that it is only now, when God finally delivers his people, that we will really understand his identity, as with Mbappé and his exploits on the football pitch.

God made promises to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Promises that can be summed up in 4 words beginning with the letter P: a large people, a land to live in, a special relationship, and that all the peoples of the world would be blessed through them.

But Abraham, Isaac and Jacob did not see these promises fulfilled in their lifetime. It is only now, when he fulfils what he promised, that we will finally understand his identity.

The plagues, the Passover, the crossing of the Red Sea that we will see in the next few weeks, all serve to make the Eternal One known. In particular, it will serve to show that the Lord is a God who commits himself, who saves and who fights for his own.

As we saw last Sunday, in the original language, the name God means "I am" or "I will be". It is a name that implies that God is absolutely incomparable and absolutely autonomous. He is transcendent and immanent.

You can't put him in a box, you can't really compare him to anything else, and he does whatever he wants!

But this God chose freely, by pure grace, to identify himself with the world ... by saving ... and by keeping his commitment to his people.

Kylian Mbappe could have chosen to make himself known to the world in any way he wanted. He could have become a baker, a singer, a pétanque player - anything he wanted ... but he chose football.

God could have made himself known to the world in any way he wanted - "I will be who I will be" - but he chose to do it by saving ... according to his promise.

"You will know that I am the Lord your God ... when ... I free you from the burdens laid upon you by the Egyptians".

He wants this to be clear in our minds.

The name Eternal is not synonymous with empty words but with promises kept! That's how God wants to be known! As the Eternal One - the great "I am" the God who has put his identity on the line by committing himself to save.

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Let's draw some implications.

The crux of the matter, the difference between perseverance and panic, between trust and cracking, comes down to one very simple question.

Do you know your God? Do you know the Lord? Have you grasped the fact that he is the God who commits, who saves and who fights for his people?

Exodus tells a story of love. God comes to find a people to offer them liberation ... with a view ... to a relationship! A relationship in which we love him, know that he loves us, trust him and live for him.

None of this is possible if we don't know him. But if we do know him, it changes everything.

This knowledge doesn't come from navel-gazing. It doesn't come by asking ourselves: um, I wonder what he's like as a god? Is he a bearded man sitting in the clouds or does he look like an elephant? I don't really know. No! Nor does it come from contemplating our feelings. 'God can't love me very much today because I don't feel very loved.’

To know God, we have to look at what he has revealed to us, through his objective actions in history, as described in the Bible.

He did this through the Exodus.

Ultimately, he did it through the cross and resurrection of Jesus, which reveal to us the full extent of his commitment to save.

So what is the answer when we struggle to believe in God's plan of salvation? Quite simply ... it's to know who the God behind the plan is!

This is the cure for doubt, discouragement and despair. A right knowledge of the Lord.

It requires us to make a choice: Between observation on the one hand: what the world tells us, what our emotions tell us, what our eyes tell us ... Or revelation on the other hand - the demonstration in history of God's identity.

Observation is often discouraging ... we see the failures, we see the difficulties and so on. But revelation shows us the God behind the plan! It radically changes the way we approach trials.

We can experience them either as signs that God's plan is not credible or as opportunities to remember who our God is.

You lose your job. That hurts, of course. And it presents you with a choice. Do you see it as a sign that God has let you down - that's the observation? Or do you choose revelation and remember that he is committed to providing for your needs, and that he is sending you this trial to work on that conviction?

Another example - illness. Nobody wants to suffer in their body. Statistically, illness will affect many of us. If this is what God sends us, we can welcome it with bitterness or we can remember who he is. A God who has pledged always to carry us, and, whether he heals us now or not, who will give us a glorious body in the new creation.

This is an area where Anne-Sophie and I have come to realise over the last few years just how much we have to do to get to know God better. Little players whom God has invited to get to know him better by this means.

A final example. We are discouraged in our evangelism. We try to talk about Jesus, and he gets thrown back in our faces. We can get discouraged, or we can remember who our God is and that he is committed to bringing many people into his kingdom. No matter how much rejection we get, God WILL draw people to himself.

In fact, think about what you're worried about right now. Now ask yourself what it's like to know the Lord as the God who commits, saves and fights for his own even in difficult situations.

Perhaps there are gaps in our knowledge of God ... and so this is an opportunity to grow. For some of us, what God wants for us is not to give us an easy life, but to know him.

Do we know him?

So many times in the Bible, God's people found themselves in situations where God's plan seemed anything but credible. Everything seemed to be falling apart. No reason for hope.

Each time, the solution consisted of six words: you will know that I am the Lord ...

Église Connexion... Do we know the Lord?

God Knows

Exodus 2

Every week, I get anywhere from five to ten calls from people, from Paris, but often even all over the country or even internationally. Most of the time these people want to know if they can rent a room of the church for an event (sorry, no), but fairly often, these calls are from people who have questions about the Christian faith, or people who are going through hard times, and simply want to talk to a pastor.

This week I got a call from an older woman with a lot of health problems, who didn’t grow up in church, but had spent the last forty years trying to reach Christ. She’d gone to all sorts of different churches, hearing all sorts of different things. This poor woman was so confused, and she admitted as much. She’d go to one church, and ask questions about why she’s suffering with these health problems, or what does she have to do to be saved, and she’d get some answers. Then she’d go to another church, and ask the same questions, and get totally different answers. Every time, these churches were sure of their answers—they’d say, this is the truth, this is what the Bible says. But they’d quote different texts, out of context, and make the Bible say opposite things.

I was on the phone with her for about forty-five minutes. We talked a lot about the gospel, and about her current situation (she’s in a place now where she doesn’t have access to a local church and can’t leave her home). Talking about the gospel, I was on sure footing. I know the gospel, and from what she told me I do believe she genuinely has faith in Christ, so I hope and pray I was able to give her some peace about the doubts that she had.

Where it got tricky was when we started talking about her health problems, and the repercussions these problems were having on her faith. She started listing all of the different things she’d heard from different pastors over the years about why these health problems plagued her: she didn’t have enough faith, or she wasn’t praying right, or she hadn’t been baptized correctly, or God was punishing her for something she’d done, or God was testing her—there were many others.

As I listened to her speak, I found myself getting angry: angry at these pastors who claimed to know why this poor woman was suffering, and even more, who had enough confidence in their knowledge that they could place the blame on her.

So when she finally asked me why I thought she was suffering, I just said, “I don’t know.”

She didn’t speak for a really long time, nearly a full minute; I don’t think anyone had ever said that to her before. So finally I repeated: “I don’t know why you’re going through these things. Knowing what I know of God in the Bible, I don’t believe he’s punishing you, because Christ already took your punishment on the cross. So it’s not that. But why, specifically? I can’t tell you that; I don’t know.

“But he knows.”

Three truths about God become our foundation in times of prolonged suffering like that, and they are very simple: 1) God is sovereign over the world and over our lives (so he does what he pleases, and nothing can stop him from doing his will); 2) God is wise, and knows the best possible way to do his will; and 3) God is good. So even if we don’t know why he’s doing what he’s doing, we can rest in the fact that he is good, and that he knows.

That conversation was an excellent preparation for me, getting this sermon ready.

If you remember, we left the people of Israel in a terrible state last time. They’d been brought into Egypt by their brother Joseph, they’d multiplied and become very numerous and strong. Then the Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, became afraid of them, so he decided to submit them to heavy slavery and put out an order to kill all Hebrew male children, to try to stunt their growth.

That’s a terrible situation, in which we can find absolutely nothing good, looking at it from a human perspective.

But it is in that situation that God was already working out his plan to rescue them.

The Savior Preserved (v. 1-10)

At the beginning of Exodus 2, we come across a family. We don’t know who they are, except that they were from the tribe of Levi. This Levite family finds out they are going to have a baby.

Imagine the terror of those nine months—not only are they afraid of all the other, normal things that could conceivably go wrong during the pregnancy (and back then, a lot could happen than it can today), they had to deal with the fear of not knowing whether this child would be a boy. Because if he was, he’d be condemned to die the second he came out of the womb. And that’s exactly what happens. V. 1:

Now a man from the house of Levi went and took as his wife a Levite woman. 2 The woman conceived and bore a son, and when she saw that he was a fine child, she hid him three months.

So the second this boy is out, the family is immediately faced with a devastating decision. You can hide a newborn for a couple of weeks, maximum. But pretty soon their cries become much louder, and it will be impossible to hide. So this family had a choice to make.

V. 3:

3 When she could hide him no longer, she took for him a basket made of bulrushes and daubed it with bitumen and pitch. She put the child in it and placed it among the reeds by the river bank. 4 And his sister stood at a distance to know what would be done to him. 5 Now the daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe at the river, while her young women walked beside the river. She saw the basket among the reeds and sent her servant woman, and she took it. 6 When she opened it, she saw the child, and behold, the baby was crying. She took pity on him and said, “This is one of the Hebrews’ children.” 7 Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and call you a nurse from the Hebrew women to nurse the child for you?” 8 And Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Go.” So the girl went and called the child’s mother. 9 And Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this child away and nurse him for me, and I will give you your wages.” So the woman took the child and nursed him. 10 When the child grew older, she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. She named him Moses, “Because,” she said, “I drew him out of the water.”

So all of this is a fairly extraordinary series of events. First, I think it’s pretty safe to assume that the baby’s mom knew where the Pharaoh’s daughter came to bathe, so that’s why she put him in this basket in the river. (And we know that she was at least hoping for a happy outcome, because the baby’s sister was standing by, watching to see what would happen to the boy.)

So along comes the Pharaoh’s daughter, and not only does she not obey her father’s orders to drown the baby in the river, she takes pity on the baby. How could she not? Thank God for rebellious young women. (I know I won’t be saying that in a few years, but for now I’m grateful.)

Then it gets even more extraordinary. Moses’s quick-thinking older sister finds a way to bring him back home. So for the first few years of his life, Moses’s mother not only get to know he wasn’t thrown in the river; she gets hired to take care of him. And this time, when she had to essentially give him up for adoption, there was no uncertainty. She knew he would not only be living, but living better than any other Hebrew boy in the country, in the Pharaoh’s palace.

The Savior Rejected (v. 11-15)

So it starts off really well. But he had to have grown up feeling like a fish out of water—raised in the Pharaoh’s palace, but he knew that he was a Hebrew (we see it in v. 11, when he sees an Egyptian beating a Hebrew slave, and recognizes this slave as “one of his people”).

So already, he had to have felt “different.” But that felt difference would be accentuated even more by what happened after that.

In v. 11, we see that Moses has grown up, and one day he goes out to where the Hebrew slaves are working, and he sees an Egyptian beating one of these Hebrew slaves. So Moses makes sure the coast is clear, then intervenes and ends up killing the Egyptian.

The next day, he comes out again and sees two Hebrews fighting. Again, he tries to intervene, and this time, the Hebrews turn on him. In v. 14, we hear one of them say, “Who made you a prince and a judge over us? Do you mean to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?”

So apparently the coast wasn’t as clear as Moses thought; people knew what he had done. And despite the fact that Moses was genuinely trying to help—first in defending the Hebrew who was being beaten, and second in trying to split up this fight—they reject him. I understand why they did it—they were probably afraid of him, not knowing what he would do—but they make it clear that this is not a safe space for Moses.

And before long, there is no safe space for him. The Pharaoh hears about what Moses did, and tries to kill him. So Moses runs away from Egypt, and goes to a country called Midian (which, interestingly, is on the other side of the wilderness where God will soon bring the Israelites; Moses had to cross that wilderness to get to Midian).

The Savior Accepted (v. 16-22)

In Midian, he meets the daughters of the priest of Midian, a man named Reuel (in other passages he’s called Jethro; many people in the Bible are referred to by two names, often because of an encounter they had with God). What kind of a priest was he? Hard to say, but we at least know a couple of things about him. First of all, this name “Reuel” means “friend of God.” Some commentators take this to mean he was a priest of the one true God, and not of a pagan deity. What we can say for sure is that later on in the book, Jethro/Reuel proves himself to be a godly man, who offers wise counsel to Moses when it’s needed.

At any rate, he sits down by a well, and this priest’s daughters come to give their animals water, but they’re set upon by a group of unruly shepherds who try to chase them away. And like he did in Egypt, Moses intervenes: he protects this priest’s daughters and saves them. And this time, the response isn’t rejection. He’s welcomed into Reuel’s home, and even ends up actually marrying one of his daughters and having a son with her.

Already here we have a few clues as to what this man Moses must have experienced. Growing up in Egypt, he knew his own story well enough to know who he was: that although he was raised and educated as an Egyptian, he wasn’t an Egyptian, but a Hebrew. So he was an outcast at home. At the same time, he was an outcast amongst his own people. Can you imagine the animosity they must have felt toward him? A Hebrew, like them, who wasn’t subjected to slavery like they were, but who got to grow up in very comfortable conditions, in the Pharaoh’s palace.

This man is at home nowhere.

And now, finally, he’s come to a place where he is accepted and appreciated and welcomed. He finds a home, and he finds a family. This should be (in our thinking) happily ever after for Moses. But it’s just the beginning.

God Knows (v. 23-25)

Moses’s story obviously continues in chapter 3, but before we get to it, the author (who, incidentally, is Moses himself, telling his own story) inserts three short verses that have nothing directly to do with him. They can almost feel like an afterthought if you’re reading quickly.

But they are absolutely massive in terms of their implications. This has long been one of my favorite passages in the entire Bible.

23 During those many days the king of Egypt died, and the people of Israel groaned because of their slavery and cried out for help. Their cry for rescue from slavery came up to God.

I think it’s safe to assume that nothing we see in this verse is new. It’s been several generations now, one Pharaoh dies, another takes his place, and the people keep suffering. The people of Israel cry out to God for help, so clearly they still remember him, they remember the stories; so in all likelihood they’ve already done this many times before. Nothing external has changed in their situation, except that it’s a new king  persecuting them now.

Even so, when they cry out this time, something is different. V. 24:

24 And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.

If you’re new to the Bible, this verse might sound a little confusing, so we need to take a bit of time to define some words.

The first is this word “covenant.” When you start reading the Bible, you quickly realize that the word “covenant” appears all over the place.

Typically in the Bible, a covenant is like a contract: it is an agreement between two people for an exchange of goods, or for the purchase of land, or for mutual support. This kind of covenant is bilateral—it goes in both directions. I do something for you if you do something for me.

But there are also covenants that are unilateral—that is, one person makes a formal commitment to act a certain way towards someone else, regardless of what that second person does.

This is the kind of covenant God made with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. It is a promise in which God makes a commitment to them, to multiply their family, to give them the land of Canaan as a home, and to bless all the nations of the earth through them. The Israelites—the descendants of Abraham—have been multiplying, as we saw last week. But the other parts of that covenant hasn’t been fulfilled yet.

So now, when the people cry out to God, he hears their groaning, and he remembers his covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

There’s another word we need to define, in the context of this story: the word “remember”. We can mean one of two things when we say we “remember” something. The first is that we remember something we’d forgotten—usually when that happens, it’s too late. I’m already on the train when I remember I left my computer at home. That’s not the kind of remembering we’re talking about here; God hadn’t forgotten his covenant.

The second way we remember something is to call to something mind in a certain way, at a certain moment, in a way that makes us act in a specific way. I will never forget the birth of my children—the first time I saw them, the first time I held them. I haven’t forgotten that experience. But even today, now that they’re older, sometimes I look at them, and I remember that moment, and I’m so filled with love for them that I go and give them a hug, squeeze them tight.

God had not forgotten the covenant he made with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. But at this particular moment, when he heard their groaning, he remembered it. He called it to mind in such a way that he is driven to act.

Then v. 25 gives us this small but massively important sentence:

25 God saw the people of Israel—and God knew.

What exactly did he “know”? He knew everything he could have possibly known about their situation. He knew what they were going through, and even more importantly, he knew what he was doing. In fact, if we know this story already, we can see that even before the people of Israel cried out to him, God had already begun executing his plan to rescue them.

Years before, God kept Moses safe as a baby. He put Moses in Pharaoh’s house. He exiled Moses from both people groups—the Egyptians he had grown up with, and the Hebrews to whom he belonged. He brought Moses to Midian and caused him to be welcomed there.

V. 23-25 are wholly unnecessary for the story. They change nothing about the facts of Israel’s situation, or what’s happening with Moses. They are included here in order that the people reading this story might know that the cries of God’s people did not fall on deaf ears, that he was not indifferent to their situation.

But God’s plan is not always what we would expect. He had heard the people’s cries for years, decades, centuries…but he hadn’t acted yet in any way that they could see, because it wasn’t the right time. That is a hard pill for us to swallow. Often we are so sure that surely God’s plan for me, God’s plan for his people, couldn’t possibly be this.

We think far too small. God’s plans are bigger than just for us. His plans are not primarily for the alleviating of our suffering; his plans are for the healing of all suffering.

God knows. He hadn’t forgotten his covenant with his people. Even if for them it seemed interminably long in coming, God was faithful to do what he promised.

And that is true across the entire narrative of the Bible, and throughout all of human history. He knows. HE IS FAITHFUL.

For the people of Israel, God knows. HE IS FAITHFUL. Already, he has gotten ready. He delivered Moses as a baby, he preserved Moses when the Pharaoh tried to kill him, he placed Moses where he needed to be—in exactly the right place to be called and sent to rescue his people. For the people of Israel in this story, God knows what he’s doing.

For all of his people, God knows. HE IS FAITHFUL. What happens much later on in the story? It’s no accident that the story of Moses, in so many ways, mirrors the story of Jesus Christ: when God was doing all this stuff with Israel, he already knew exactly what he would do with Jesus.

The people of Israel were in Egypt, away from the land God had promised them, for four hundred years before he came to their rescue. Much later, the prophets would go silent, and the people would wait for God to finally fulfill the promises given through those prophets, and send them a Messiah.

The people of Israel were in Egypt for four hundred years. How much time passed between the last prophet and the coming of Christ? Four hundred years.

God protects the savior Moses from a murderous king who sets out killing his people’s baby boys. The Savior Jesus, too, is protected from a murderous king who sets out killing his people’s baby boys.

Moses intervenes to save, on two different occasions: his attempt to defend his own people is rejected by them (or at least by some of them), but his attempt to rescue Reuel’s daughters is welcomed, appreciated, and accepted.

Jesus intervened to save; his salvation was rejected by all but a few of his people, but it was welcomed and accepted by some, and even by those outside of his own nation. And it’s still going on.

None of this was an accident. Not just for the people of Israel, but for all of God’s people—for us, and all the saints throughout history—God knows. He is faithful. At just the right time, in just the right context, Christ came and delivered us. He lived our life and died our death and was raised for our justification. Why didn’t it happen earlier, or later, or differently? God only knows. But God knows. HE IS FAITHFUL.

This is what we see all throughout Scripture: God knows what he is doing. He makes promises, and he is faithful to fulfill those promises. He has a plan to do his will, and he perfectly executes that plan.

And you can apply this all the way down the line—from the monumental moments of history to the smallest circumstances of our lives.

Some of you are at a high point in your lives, and you feel like everything’s coming together, and you’re just happy to be where you are with the Lord. And thank God for that.

But I’ve learned enough to know that more often than not, that’s not the case; most of you are struggling with something, and the struggles going on in this room are as various as the people we have here today.

Some of you may be struggling with feelings of depression, or anxiety.

Some of you have serious health issues you’re dealing with.

Some of you are struggling with very real and very heavy sin, and you’re feeling crushed under the weight of it, wondering if it will ever end, and wondering if anyone here would still love and accept you if they knew.

Some of you are struggling with wounds from past abuse, and some of you are dealing with the temptation to act in abusive ways.

Some of you are struggling with fear over financial pressure, or pressure from school or work, or feelings of worthlessness, or suicidal thoughts, or eating disorders, or pride, or anger, or bitterness, or fear, or any number of a million different difficult things that you could possibly go through.

And some of you are simply struggling to believe that God even really sees you at all, much less loves you and cares for you.

Whatever it is you are dealing with—whatever you are struggling with, whatever it is that seems to be crushing you—God knows. He is not surprised by this. He is powerful, and he is wise, and he is good—he knows what he is going.

And not only does he know what he’s doing in your situation, he knows you. He understands you. He sees into depths of your heart that even you are unable to comprehend. He sees you, and he hears your cries for help, and he remembers his promises to you. There’s a road to those promises, and it may not be the road you would have chosen for yourself—it almost never is. But he sees you, and hears you, and he is taking you by the hand and guiding you towards the fulfillment of every promise he has made to his people. That fulfillment might come tomorrow, or in five years, or only when Christ returns. But whether you can see it or not, that’s where he’s taking you.

23 During those many days the king of Egypt died, and the people of Israel groaned because of their slavery and cried out for help. Their cry for rescue from slavery came up to God. 24 And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. 25 God saw the people of Israel—and God knew.

He hasn’t changed.

Conclusion

So the question this text forces us to ask is, Will you trust him?

This text gives us two options in response to the Savior whom God sent to save us: we can accept him, or we can reject him. That’s it, and that’s all.

The thing is, he’s sovereign over your life whether you accept it or not. If we reject the Savior, that changes nothing about God’s plan for us. All it does it make living through that plan more difficult. In all of our lives, there will be suffering, there will be struggle. But suffering without Christ is infinitely more difficult than suffering with him, and knowing that the God who rules over your life is a good and wise God who works for you and not against you.

So I would plead with you to accept him. That means willingly and gladly submitting to his sovereignty, and resting in the knowledge that your sins are forgiven, your future is secure, and your life—even if it may be painful and difficult to understand—is being molded into a story that, in a hundred years, you will not want to change. For those who belong to Christ, we have this promise: when we are with him in glory, we will never once look back on our lives on this earth and wish God had done anything differently.

The Present, the Promise, and the Fear of God

Exodus 1

A lot of you already know the story of how Loanne and I began our marriage. I’m not going to go into detail about it, but to make a long story short: we got married almost twenty-one years ago, a mere nine weeks after we met, and about five months after we got married, we realized that we were completely incompatible with one another. Thus began six years during which we absolutely could not stand each other. Six years in which we’d go to work and feel like we could finally breathe, because we didn’t have to be around one another. Six years of dreading vacation, because that meant being together all day, every day.

Thankfully, God has been good, and we love each other now—I am so thankful God put me in a marriage with this woman. But I still remember that time, and it was sometimes unbearably, difficult.

All of us will deal with something like that in our lives: suffering that seems unfair, or that comes out of nowhere, and that doesn’t seem to let up. Our default mode when this happens is to reject the problem: Christians often say things like, “I know this isn’t God’s will for my life!” We reject the idea that God might actually be doing something in the mess, because we can’t imagine God would be so cruel, and when you’re in the thick of it, sometimes it does seem cruel.

Six years is a very long time to be living with someone you hate. Six years is a long time to be asking questions: God, why would you allow this? Why did you put me with this person? We know how you feel about divorce, but surely this would be a good reason, right? Why would you let us get stuck like this?

For six years, we had no answers. And we still don’t have answers to all of the questions we had. But we have experienced enough to know that there are answers to those questions of why he allowed us to go through all that for so long. We know some of them, and he knows the rest.

The point is, there are answers.

The story of Exodus is the story of God, working out his plan in sometimes incomprehensible ways, for incredibly, infinitely good reasons only he knew at the time.

If you’re joining us for the first time, last week we began a new series on this book of Exodus—or to be honest, it was more of a prologue. We spent last week in Genesis 12, in which God gives a promise to a man named Abraham, and in that chapter we saw a kind of snapshot of the same themes we’ll see all throughout this book. We see God’s majesty in making an impossible promise that he is able to make good on, and his will to use imperfect, broken means to bring about his purposes.

That was a sort of thematic prologue to this book; today we’re going to see an actual introduction—I want to talk quickly about what we can expect from the rest of this book; then we’ll need to bring ourselves up to speed on the story so far; and finally, we’ll look at chapter 1, which sets the stage for everything that will come after.

Part 1: Genesis

Before we get into chapter 1, what have we missed? I said last week that Exodus is the second part of a longer story; we’ve missed part 1, which we find in the book of Genesis.

(We should note that traditionally, and in the New Testament by Jesus himself, authorship of the first five books of the Bible—Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy—is attributed to Moses himself. There’s a lot we could say about this, but when it comes down to it, I’m not going to argue with Jesus about who wrote these books, so I’ll just take his word for it and say it’s Moses.)

So what happened in the book of Genesis?

I’m going to go really quickly. Chapters 1-11 basically tell the story of the beginning of the world: who made the world (spoiler: God did), how he did it, why he did it, and what his plans are for it. We actually see almost all of this in the first three chapters of Genesis. We see how men multiply and populate at least a small part of the earth, then God judges humanity for their wickedness and floods the earth, sparing Noah and his family, who start again—people are born, people have kids, the earth begins to be repopulated.

Then beginning in chapter 12, we see the story of the beginning of God’s chosen people. God comes to a man named Abraham, to whom he makes a promise that his descendants will be as numerous as the stars in the sky, and that they will bless all the nations of the world. The only problem is that Abraham and his wife Sarah are quite old, and Sarah is sterile on top of that.

God’s got that covered though: despite their old age, and despite Sarah’s barrenness, God gives them a son, Isaac, who will be referred to later in the Bible as “the child of the promise.”

Then in chapters 12-25 we see that Isaac has a son named Jacob, to whom the promise is extended, and Jacob has twelve sons. The youngest of these sons, Joseph, is his dad’s favorite, and as it turns out, God actually speaks to him: he gives Joseph dreams, and the ability to interpret those dreams. What God didn’t give Joseph, apparently, was tact: Joseph doesn’t hesitate to tell his brothers dreams about them bowing down in submission to him.

They get fed up with joseph and his arrogant dreams. They sell him into slavery in Egypt and tell Jacob that Joseph was killed by wild animals. Joseph is sent off to Egypt and spends many years in prison. But he has something most of us don’t have a lot of the time: he has faith that God had a reason for bringing him there. And pretty soon he finds that reason out.

God’s revelations to Joseph put him in the good graces of the Pharaoh, the kind of Egypt, who releases him from prison and gives him a place of power. Joseph essentially becomes the second-in-command in Egypt. God also lets Joseph know that a massive famine is coming to Egypt and the surrounding countries, and this gives Joseph time to prepare. So when the famine hits, everyone is coming to Egypt to get food to survive—everyone, including Joseph’s brothers.

They don’t recognize him at first, but eventually Joseph tells his brothers that it’s him, and he forgives them for selling him into slavery. Why? Joseph tells them why in Genesis 50.20: As for you, you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good, to bring it about that many people should be kept alive, as they are today.

So Jacob’s entire family, about seventy people, come to live in Egypt with Joseph, and with the Pharaoh’s full blessing.

That’s where we are when Genesis ends and Exodus begins.

A Promise Partially Fulfilled (v. 1-7)

Now in Exodus 1, we see two separate things, and both of them are setting the stage for what’s going to come after. The first is that we see God’s promise to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob at least partially fulfilled; and the second is that pretty soon a significant threat comes against that promise—or so it might seem.

Let’s read again, beginning in v. 1:

These are the names of the sons of Israel [that is, the sons of Jacob, to whom God also gave the name “Israel”] who came to Egypt with Jacob, each with his household: 2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, 3 Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin, 4 Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. 5 All the descendants of Jacob were seventy persons; Joseph was already in Egypt. 6 Then Joseph died, and all his brothers and all that generation. 7 But the people of Israel were fruitful and increased greatly; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong, so that the land was filled with them.

So very briefly, we see here that God has been making good on the first part of his promise to Abraham: that his descendants would multiply and become very numerous. Not only did they “increase greatly”; they also “grew exceedingly strong.”

I say that the promise was only partially fulfilled, because there is one big piece missing, which will influence everything that comes after. God promised that Abraham’s descendants would multiply greatly (check), and that they would bless all the nations of the earth from a specific place. God promised to give Abraham’s people the land of Canaan as an inheritance. But now they’re in Egypt, seemingly at home and doing well.

In short, they’re in the wrong place. If God’s promise is going to be fulfilled, something will have to change.

Now, as long as the Pharaoh in power could remember Joseph (or even stories of Joseph), this massive growth from the people of Israel would have been seen as an asset rather than a threat, because the Pharaoh  thought very highly of Joseph, and by extension his family.

That positive outlook wouldn’t last forever; as the years passed (about 400 years, we’ll see later in chapter 12), people forgot. Including the Pharaohs themselves.

A Threat to the Promise? (v. 8-22)

So in v. 8 we see this new Pharaoh, and how he perceives the people of Israel. V. 8:

8 Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. 9 And he said to his people, “Behold, the people of Israel are too many and too mighty for us. 10 Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, lest they multiply, and, if war breaks out, they join our enemies and fight against us and escape from the land.” 11 Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with heavy burdens. They built for Pharaoh store cities, Pithom and Raamses. 12 But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and the more they spread abroad. And the Egyptians were in dread of the people of Israel. 13 So they ruthlessly made the people of Israel work as slaves 14 and made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and brick, and in all kinds of work in the field. In all their work they ruthlessly made them work as slaves.

Now of course this didn’t happen all at once; the Pharaoh sees the people of Israel as a threat, so he subjects them to slavery…and yet they keep multiplying. This multiplication would have taken decades, perhaps even centuries—long enough for other kings of Egypt to come in, continue the policies of their fathers, and see the same threat. No matter how much oppression the people of Israel endured, they kept multiplying. So what was the response? Give them more work. Make their lives harder.

Still, it didn’t work. The people were miserable, but they kept growing.

So eventually another Pharaoh comes to power, and has another idea. V. 15:

15 Then the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah, 16 “When you serve as midwife to the Hebrew women and see them on the birthstool, if it is a son, you shall kill him, but if it is a daughter, she shall live.” 17 But the midwives feared God and did not do as the king of Egypt commanded them, but let the male children live. 18 So the king of Egypt called the midwives and said to them, “Why have you done this, and let the male children live?” 19 The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife comes to them.” 20 So God dealt well with the midwives. And the people multiplied and grew very strong. 21 And because the midwives feared God, he gave them families. 22 Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, “Every son that is born to the Hebrews you shall cast into the Nile, but you shall let every daughter live.”

It’s important to notice something really interesting here. Almost no one is mentioned by name in this passage—not even the Pharaohs are named here; they’re all referred to as “the king of Egypt” or “Pharaoh”. But two women are referred to by name: Shiphrah and Puah. Moses wants us to remember them, for one simple reason: they feared God more than they feared the Pharaoh. They refused to obey his order to kill all male Hebrew babies. (Apparently his order was that the midwives not let the mothers know that’s what they were doing; they were meant to make it look like the babies were born dead.)

Now, I’m going to just mention this quickly as an aside, because it is not the main point of this passage, but I know many of you will be asking yourselves the question: were the midwives wrong to lie to the Pharaoh? We’ll see later on in this book that one of the Ten Commandments is, “You shall not lie.” And yet the midwives seem to make up this excuse for why the male babies are still alive, in v. 19: that Hebrew women give birth really quickly, before the midwives get there.

Some people have found this explanation deceptive on the part of the midwives. Maybe that’s true, maybe it’s not. Maybe Hebrew women did give birth really quickly. I doubt it, but it doesn’t matter. The midwives, at that point, were the only things standing in the way of Pharaoh’s plan to kill the children from being executed, so they said what they said in order to remain in a position to protect them.

If that still feels strange to you, change the context. Think of how some families must have dealt with the extermination of the Jews during World War II. No one would fault a family for hiding Jews in their homes, then telling the Nazis that they weren’t there. That’s the right thing to do.

Now you can debate that point as much as you want, but it’s important not to lose the forest for the trees. The author’s goal here isn’t to give a moral evaluation of what the women said, but rather to commend them for their courage in handling such an impossible situation at great risk to themselves. He’s trying to display how God commended them for their courage to protect his people: their fear of God and their courage in the face of the Pharaoh are rewarded by God.

(And isn’t it interesting that later on, another woman would be commended for her courage in facing scandal and shame and possibly even death, for carrying a baby although she wasn’t yet married—a baby that would become, not just the Savior of the people of Israel like Moses, but the Savior of all of God’s people.)

So these midwives do this courageous thing, and many lives are saved. But ultimately, there’s only so much they can do. The Pharaoh sees that his plan is not working, so he gives a command to the rest of the Egyptian people: if you see a son born to the Hebrews, take him and cast him into the Nile.

The Present and the Promise

I know that can be a disappointing end point for today’s message. But even this depressing situation has a lot to tell us about God and how he works.

If you’ve come directly off of reading Genesis, all of this is a fairly surprising turn of events. In Genesis, we spent a lot of time with Joseph, more time than we spent with Abraham, Isaac or Jacob. Joseph’s story culminates in the rescue of his family, the people of Israel, from starvation—they are brought into Egypt, and they prosper and are safe.

Then, within a few verses at the beginning of Exodus, it looks like that blessing has turned into a curse. Joseph brought them to Egypt, yes—but now that they’re in Egypt, they’ve become slaves. And by the end of chapter 1, they’ve been slaves for a very long time. The oppression over them was intense and brutal and unrelenting.

Why would God do this? Why would he bring them to safety, only to deliver them over to suffering?

It’s a common question, isn’t it? Earlier I mentioned the beginning of my marriage with Loanne—this is the same question we were asking. Why give us something so good—a husband, a wife, a new family—only to let it spoil so badly and so quickly? Surely this isn’t your will, God.

The people of Israel were asking that question too, as we’ll see next week. And it’s true that if you only look at the promise God had given Abraham, it seems like what’s happening here in Egypt can’t possibly be his will.

But that’s not true.

When we think about God’s will for the world, we’ll always run into problems if we examine our present instead of his promise. Every promise is about the end result. But to get to that end result, God always has a specific road he's going to take, and he always has a reason for choosing that particular road.

Incidentally, later on in this book we find out one of the reasons why God chose this road for his people. We see it in Exodus 9.15-16, in which God says to Pharaoh (the same Pharaoh who has been oppressing his people for so long):

“For by now I could have put out my hand and struck you and your people with pestilence, and you would have been cut off from the earth. But for this purpose I have raised you up, to show you my power, so that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth.”

As hard as it is for us to imagine or accept, this is God’s ultimate purpose, and that’s why he has brought his people into this particular situation, under this particular ruler. God has brought them to a place where they would need rescuing, so that he could show himself to be that rescuer—to show his power, so that his name may be proclaimed in all the earth.

This is hard for us to accept, because the people’s suffering was long and very hard. But God’s goal wasn’t to make his people happy and comfortable in the present: it was to display his glory, and through this people, to bless all the nations of the world.

Instead of examining the present, we must hold fast to the promise. Just because our present situation isn’t what God promised doesn’t mean it isn’t his will. There is a road to get to the promise, and more often than not, that road is very difficult. But what we see again and again in the Bible is this very simple truth: God displays his glory in rescuing his people.

The Fear of God

We will all be faced with suffering in our lives that we can’t explain. We will all be faced with situations that last much longer than we feel they should, for reasons we don’t understand.

When that happens, we will have a choice to make—the choice the people of Israel will be faced with over and over again in this book: will we fear God, or will we fear our suffering?

It’s no accident that this book begins with great suffering, and with the description of two women who fear God more than the Pharaoh. When the Bible talks about fearing God, it doesn’t mean being afraid of him. It means recognizing his power and his authority to rule over his world.

That might seem terrifying, and it would be—if God wasn’t who he is.

In C. S. Lewis’s book The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, the children are speaking to Mr. Beaver, who is preparing them to meet Aslan, the great King of Narnia. They are frightened to learn that Aslan isn’t a man, but a lion.

"Ooh!" said Susan, "I'd thought he was a man. Is he—quite safe? I shall feel rather nervous about meeting a lion."

"That you will, dearie, and no mistake," said Mrs. Beaver; "if there's anyone who can appear before Aslan without their knees knocking, they're either braver than most or else just silly."

"Then he isn't safe?" said Lucy.

"Safe?" said Mr. Beaver; "don't you hear what Mrs. Beaver tells you? Who said anything about safe? 'Course he isn't safe. But he's good. He's the King, I tell you."

God is not only powerful and sovereign over the world. He is also good. We know this because rather than letting us wallow in our sufferings, no matter how deserved they might be, he joined us in those sufferings. He took on a human nature and suffered with us, suffered for us, in the person of Christ. He lived our life and died our death and was raised to rescue us from our slavery to sin, and declare us righteous before God.

This is why the fear of God need not be a cowering fear, but a courageous fear. It is a fear that recognizes who he is, and that all the help God might give us is less important than God himself.

In our moments of trials, we always look for help, we look for solutions, we search for explanations. But all of those things are less important than him. Ultimately—and this is what Exodus teaches us—we don’t need his help as much as we need him. We don’t need solutions, we need him. We don’t need explanations, we need him.

So we come to him with fear and trembling, because he is the only one powerful and sovereign God over our lives, who has the authority to fulfill his promises, for his glory, as he sees fit. But we also come to him with hope and courage, because we know that he is good, and he does not allow his people to suffer uselessly.

Conclusion

So let me leave you with two ways to begin preparing for and responding to this book, no matter what you’re going through.

Firstly, turn repeatedly to God. (And we’ll see the people of Israel doing just that over the course of this book.) You need him, himself, more than you need his help. Build those muscles now, of turning to him in good times and in bad, in learning that he is trustworthy, in learning that he is wise. You’ll need those muscles strong when those times come, so turn to him now.

Secondly, dig in to the community of believers around you. I say this, in part, because of our particular context, and because of the story of Exodus in general. When Loanne and I went through that terrible period, we were completely and totally alone. We had a church, but there was no meaningful community, no one we could share those things with.

My fear for all of you—and this is one reason I’ll be pointing out these questions of suffering quite a lot over the course of this series—is that many of you will come to Connexion and have a great time, and have good conversations and laugh a lot and even have some meaningful experiences. But then a period of intense suffering will come, and you’ll be alone. Because you will have kept the people of God at arm’s length, seeing them as a group that does you good sometimes, rather than seeing them as MY PEOPLE.

Or someone in the church will suffer, and they’ll be alone, because the people around them in the church (for all the reasons I just mentioned) didn’t invest in them enough to see it.

Don’t let that happen. The story of Exodus is the story of a God and his people. We are his people. If you’re a Christian, your life is no longer separate from the life of God’s people. So dig in. Be present for your brothers and sisters, and let them be present for you. Know them, and let them know you. You’ll need them, and God will work through them, for your good and for his glory.

Over the coming months we’ll see more and more the different ways in which God comes to the rescue of his people, and how he has already come to our rescue, in the person of Jesus Christ. My prayer for this series is that we might grow in our trust in him, and in the joy of knowing that the God who comes to the rescue of the people of Israel is the same God who reigns over our lives today.

Exodus, Prologue: Who Is This God?

Genesis 12

Today we’re really excited to be beginning a new series on the book of Exodus which will bring us up to this summer. It genuinely was not a joke we’d planned for this series to coincide with our leaving one location and going to another; we had planned on this series long before we knew about the move. But it is strangely appropriate.

If you’re only joining us recently, you may not know this, but what we’ll be doing over the next few months is what we usually do: with only a few breaks here and there during the year, we preach through books of the Bible, from beginning to end. We do this simply because we believe it’s the most faithful way to preach the Bible—if we go through a book from beginning to end, that means that you all can follow along with us, and hopefully understand why we’re saying what we’re saying. At the end of the day it’s not our opinion or our teaching that matters, but God’s Word, and what he wants to say to us through his Word.

We’ve got a bit of work to do today, because even though we’ll be starting at the beginning of the book of Exodus, we’re not starting at the beginning of the story. The story of Exodus is actually the second part of a much longer story that makes up most of the Old Testament; in order to truly understand the book of Exodus, we need to understand the book of Genesis, which is the first part.

Of course we can’t see all of that today, so we’re going to spend our time today in Genesis 12, which will serve as an introduction for what’s coming starting next week. For all the other things we need to understand but can’t cover today, we’ll fill you in as we go.

And we’re seeing this text, not so much to give us historical context, but more thematic context. That is, in Genesis 12, we see a sort of microcosm of the bigger story we see played out in Exodus, and in the rest of the Bible. The Bible isn’t ultimately the story of God’s people; it’s the story of God himself, and in this passage we see two massively important aspects of who God is. We’ll see these two aspects of his character over and over again, in the book of Exodus.

Who Is This Man?

But before we see all that, let’s look at the passage. In v. 1 of chapter 12, we’re introduced to a man named Abram (who would eventually be called Abraham). We see Abraham all over the Bible, in the Old and the New Testaments. So one of the first questions we’ll want to ask is, who is this man, Abraham? We’ve heard so much about him—who is he?

Well, first off, remember Noah’s sons? After they left the ark, Noah’s three sons had kids of their own. And in chapter 11, starting in v. 10, we have the line of the descendants of one of these sons, Shem. This genealogy follows the same pattern from beginning to end: “When so-and-so was so-and-so-many years old, he fathered so-and-so, and so-and-so lived so-and-so-many years and had other sons and daughters.” (So clearly not everyone is mentioned here.) But at the end of the genealogy, the pattern is broken: 26 When Terah had lived 70 years, he fathered Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

Not a lot is said about Terah’s family; it says they lived in the country of Ur; that Abram had a wife, Sarai, who was barren; that they moved from Ur to Haran and settled there. But something is mentioned in the book of Joshua which is, I believe, significant. In Joshua 24.2, we see Joshua speaking to the people of Israel, Abram’s descendants: 2 And Joshua said to all the people, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel, ‘Long ago, your fathers lived beyond the Euphrates, Terah, the father of Abraham and of Nahor; and they served other gods.’” So Abram’s father, and (it would seem) Abram himself, was an idolator. He was not faithful to the Creator God of Noah; he served other gods.

But despite this, one day God decides to do something incredible. 12.1:

Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you. 2 And I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, and him who dishonors you I will curse, and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.”

So you see, God makes Abram a promise, and he gives Abram a command.

He says, “Leave,” and he promisesto make him into a great nation.

Now there are two great leaps Abram has to make here with the information he’s been given. Firstly, God doesn’t tell him where he’s supposed to go. He doesn’t say, “Go to this place, because where you’re going it’ll be way better than here.” No—he just says, “Go where I will show you.” Could you imagine following such an order, with no idea of what you’d find when you got there?

Here’s the second leap. He tells Abram he will make him into a great nation…but we’ve already been told, just a couple verses before, that Abram’s wife Sarai was barren. How would God make him into a great nation if he couldn’t have kids? God explains neither of these two things; he simply gives Abram an incomprehensible command, makes him an incomprehensible promise. And what does Abram do?

v. 4:

4 So Abram went, as the Lord had told him, and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he departed from Haran. 5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother’s son, and all their possessions that they had gathered, and the people that they had acquired in Haran, and they set out to go to the land of Canaan. When they came to the land of Canaan, 6 Abram passed through the land to the place at Shechem, to the oak of Moreh. At that time the Canaanites were in the land. 7 Then the Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your offspring I will give this land.”

It’s not until they arrive in Canaan that God explains to Abram why he brought him there: because God was going to give this land to Abram’s future offspring.

v. 7b:

So he built there an altar to the Lord, who had appeared to him. 8 From there he moved to the hill country on the east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. And there he built an altar to the Lord and called upon the name of the Lord. 9 And Abram journeyed on, still going toward the Negeb.

So he’s off to a pretty good start, right? God calls him to an unknown land, promising to make him into a great nation, and Abram just goes, “Yeah. OK.” Reading this for the first time, what are we tempted to think? We’re tempted to think God picked the right guy. This is the kind of guy I want to be! God does a great job picking those whom he’s going to use; he knows how to look through a stack of CVs and find the guy most suited for the job.

That’s what we think, and that’s what we’d be tempted to keep on thinking…were it not for what follows. Now, I realize that I haven’t yet talked about Abram’s faith in leaving—a faith that is not negligible. And I’m not going to in this message, because I believe the thrust of this chapter is not to applaud Abram’s faith (at least not yet; the author will get there in chapter 15, and the author of Hebrews will come back to it much later). The center of this chapter, I’m going to suggest later on, is not primarily Abram, but God. So let me show you why I think that.

In v. 10 we see that there was a famine in the land of Canaan. So Abram goes down to Egypt with his wife to stay there, in order to survive the famine. And in v. 11, Abram does something absolutely despicable.

11 When he was about to enter Egypt, he said to Sarai his wife, “I know that you are a woman beautiful in appearance, 12 and when the Egyptians see you, they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me, but they will let you live. 13 Say you are my sister, that it may go well with me because of you, and that my life may be spared for your sake.”

Now reading this, we might not yet see the gravity of it. But we can see the gravity of it in what follows:

14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 And when the princes of Pharaoh saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. And the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s house.

(Later on, in v. 19, Pharaoh explains what this means: he took her as his wife.)

Upon entering Egypt, Abram was faced with two choices: either tell the truth and more than likely be killed; or lie about it, say she’s his sister…in which case nothing would keep anyone else from taking her and sleeping with her. No one would be knowingly committing adultery; no one would be knowingly stealing her from her husband. Abram knew good and well what saying she was his sister would mean for Sarai…and he did it anyway.

Can we all agree that this is a massive marriage fail? “Honey, say you’re my sister.” “But someone’s going to want to take me as their wife if they think I’m not married!” “Don’t worry about it—I’ll survive. Do you love me? You want me to survive? Go ahead, honey—take one for the team.” This is disgusting behavior.

Thankfully, it doesn’t last long: the Lord sends plagues to afflict Pharaoh’s house because he’s taken Sarai as his wife. And somehow—this passage doesn’t say how—Pharaoh figures it out. So he goes to Abram and (very rightly so) asks Abram what’s going on.

18 So Pharaoh called Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why did you not tell me that she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her for my wife?

The answer? He was afraid.

And that’s it—the Pharaoh gives Sarai back to Abram and says, “Get out.” He orders his men not to touch them, and they go back home.

Now if we went back to the beginning, and read v. 1-9 knowing what kind of guy Abram was—the kind of guy he proves himself to be in v. 10-20—does it make any sense at all? From this man Abram, God is going to build up the people of Israel, from whom Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the Savior and Messiah himself, would be descended. In other words, to work his redemptive purposes, God chooses to use an idolator, a coward, and just about the worst husband imaginable—if a man tried to do that today, what would we call him? An abusive husband. Abram is often painted in this glorious, almost-perfect light because of his faith. But by his actions he proves himself to be a deeply flawed man, at least at this point in his life.

So here’s the question I’d like to ask today, because I believe it’s a question the text prompts us to ask. I don’t think the main point of this text is to get us to look at Abram, and how wonderful his faith was. There was faith, but there was also incredible weakness. Abram isn’t the focus here: I think the text is prompting us to notice some things about God: how he operates, how he chooses to act.

I believe the author brings us here, not to get us to ask ourselves, “Who is the man, Abraham?” but rather to get us to ask ourselves, “Who is this God?”

Who Is This God?

Well, what does the text show us? What does this tell us about God? How is his glory seen in his actions here?

I think the answer to those questions can be summed up in two words: majesty and condescension. (I stole the juxtaposition of these two words from Jonathan Edwards, whom I’ll quote later on.) I think that as we look at what God does here, we can see both his amazing majesty on display, and his amazing condescension. So let’s take a few minutes more to see that in the text.

Majesty. I say “majesty” because when we talk about God’s majesty, we’re talking about his power and authority. Look at God’s command to Abram first:

Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you.”

How could anyone make such a ridiculous command? “Pack up your things and leave, take your family…but I’m not telling you yet where you’ll be going. Just go.” The only way that command makes any kind of sense is if God has the authority to command such a thing. He comes in as a God among others—remember, Abram’s is a family of idolators, they worshiped other gods—but when God speaks to Abram, clearly he has an authority that the other gods don’t. His authority is also present in the fact that Abram begins to call upon his name, v. 8:

8 From there he moved to the hill country on the east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. And there he built an altar to the Lord and called upon the name of the Lord.

Calling upon the name of the Lord was an act of worship which showed dependence on him. So Abram has moved from being an idolator to being a man who recognizes his dependence on God.

We see God’s majesty in the promise he makes to Abram. v. 2:

2 And I will make of you a great nation…

Think about this: Abram is an old man at this point. If I wanted to make a great nation of anyone, I wouldn’t use him. First of all because the idea of him and his super old pregnant wife is almost laughable, but after that they’d have to care for this baby and raise him!

But that’s exactly what God does! He makes him a ridiculous promise, and he makes that ridiculous promise because he’s powerful enough to make good on it. Not only is he able to make a woman that old have a baby, but he also tells Abram that he will use him to bless all the families of the earth. Can you grasp the expansiveness of that promise? Only one who is infinitely powerful can make such a promise.

We also see it in God’s judgment on Pharaoh’s household. v. 17:

But the Lord afflicted Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai, Abram’s wife.

God hasn’t yet worked a miracle in the life of Abram; he hasn’t yet made Sarai have a baby. But already he shows his power to do supernatural things by judging Pharaoh’s house with plagues because of them. God is able to say, “Leave those two alone” and absolutely make sure that Pharaoh does what he wants. God’s majesty is evident in his power and authority to command what he wants and to fulfill his promises.

Condescension. This term will probably have to be explained. It’s a word the old Puritan theologians often used, and I thought for a long time of other, simpler possibilities, but none of them fit. When we talk about God’s condescension, we mean his wisdom and his choice to accomplish his infinitely great will using weak, finite means. This is not a negative term, like we would often use it (“My boss always speaks to me in a condescending way”), but rather a choice he makes to execute his great plan at our level.

Think about God’s plan for the redemption of man on a grand scale. God’s plan to show his beauty in creation, and to redeem the fallen world after sin entered it, to save the men and women who have rebelled against him, is a glorious and infinitely massive plan, and his desire is that the world see his glory in the immensity of his plan.

Now, if you were God, how would you do that? How would you go about implementing and bringing this massive plan to fruition? If you wanted to show strength, whom would you use? Strong people! If you wanted to show holiness, whom would you use? Holy people! Think of Abram in Egypt: he and the Pharaoh are both sinful men, but Pharaoh is clearly more powerful. Wouldn’t it be natural to imagine that the Pharaoh would be the more likely candidate to be used to display God’s power to the world?

But that’s not what God does. Here in Abram we see it clearly: God uses a weak, cowardly, sinful man to bring about his plan of redemption. In other words, he doesn’t need to make a big show of it. He manifests his power in weak, ordinary people. He chooses one man, a very flawed man, and through this one man he starts humanity down the road that will lead to the cross.

In Genesis 12 we see God’s majesty in his authoritative call to Abram, in his power to fulfill his promises to Abram; and we see his condescension in his desire to use weak, imperfect people to accomplish his will. Now why did God begin his redemptive plan in this way? Because it was exactly in this way that he planned to finish it. We can see in the whole sweep of Scripture this pattern of amazing, powerful acts being done by lowly, unimpressive people—and it’s not difficult to see that God always chose to do things in this way to prepare us for Jesus, in whom we see the ultimate combination of majesty in condescension. In other words, God manifested a peculiar glory in Christ, for it is in Christ that his majesty and condescension find their ultimate expression.

Here’s a quote from Jonathan Edwards which perfectly explains why (it’s lengthy but it’s worth it):

“[Because Christ’s] glory [shines] upon us through his human nature, the manifestation is wonderfully adapted to the strength of the human vision; so that, though it appears in all its effulgence, it is yet attempered to our sight. He is indeed possessed of infinite majesty, to inspire us with reverence and adoration; yet that majesty need not terrify us, for we behold it blended with humility, meekness, and sweet condescension. We may feel the most profound reverence and self-abasement, and yet our hearts be drawn forth sweetly and powerfully into an intimacy the most free, confidential, and delightful. The dread, so naturally inspired by his greatness, is dispelled by the contemplation of his gentleness and humility; while the familiarity, which might otherwise arise from the view of the loveliness of his character merely, is ever prevented by the consciousness of his infinite majesty and glory; and the sight of all his perfections united fills us with sweet surprise and humble confidence, with reverential love and delightful adoration.”

In other words, Christ’s majesty reminds us of who he is, protects us from presumptuously assuming that he’s our “buddy”; it reminds us that we are not dealing with a mere man; it keeps us from sentimentally treating him like a mother hen. But his humility gives us an access to him in relationship we could never otherwise have; it makes it possible to believe that the God who created us and who has the right to judge sin desires to adopt us as sons and daughters; it gives us a reason for incredible gratitude, for “joy unspeakable and full of glory,” that comes from knowing that such a great God as he loves and cares for such weak creatures as we are.

Conclusion

I know this seems like a strange way to introduce the book of Exodus—I haven’t really given any historical background yet, any information that will help parse out the story. (We’ll get to that next week.)

The reason I wanted to do it this way is to show that what we see God do in the book of Exodus, he’s actually been doing it since the beginning. In Exodus, we see a microcosm of what God does and is still doing on a global, universal, eternal scale. We see the gospel, acted out, almost as if it’s a backwards allegory, written before the events it’s meant to represent ever take place.

And most especially, we see God. Exodus is not primarily about God’s people—the Old Testament is not primarily about God’s people. It’s about God.

So our call, looking at a text like this, is very simple: SEE the God who saved you.

See the One who created the entire universe by the word of his power.

See the One who gave a simple man, a veritable newborn, the task of naming the animals.

See the One who governs every atom of every molecule of every plant and tree and living being in creation.

See the One who gave simple men and women the task of cultivating and keeping his creation.

See the One who has the authority to judge sin and rebellion against him.

See the One who graciously replaced fallen man and woman’s pitiful fig leaves and with clothes of animal skins.

See the One whose anger justly drowned the world.

See the One who warned a sinful man of the coming flood, and provided him with a way of escape.

See the One who has the authority to command what he will, and the power to fulfill every promise he makes.

See the One who chose a weak, fearful man from whom his own Son would descend.

See the Savior who will crush Satan under his feet, vanquish death and sin and all the powers of hell.

See this Savior—who did not consider equality with God a thing to be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking on the form of a servant, who humbled himself unto death, even death on a cross.

See your God. Be stunned by him. Serve him. Worship him. Love him with your lives.

And if you don’t know him yet—he may yet be your God. Turn to him. Accept the gift of forgiveness and salvation that is offered to you. Repent of your sins and turn to him. Know this amazing, glorious, majestic, humble Jesus Christ, who humbled himself and gave himself up for those who are his.

Two Good Reasons to (Not) Treat Yourself

Ezra 8.21-23, Matthew 9.14-17

This is a big day, obviously. It’s our first week in a new venue in almost nine years. We knew going into this that no matter what decision we made—to stay at Espace Saint-Martin or to come here—we would be facing a lot of changes which we’ll have to get used to. In addition, today is the first Sunday of 2024, and a new year always brings unexpected circumstances.

If you’re an optimist, you’ll see these things as opportunities; if you’re a pessimist, you’ll see them as obstacles. Whatever the case may be, these changes and surprises bring uncertainty: we don’t know how this move to a new location will go, and we don’t know how 2024 will go either.

So we wanted to begin this new year with a week focused on prayer. And as I prayed about it and thought about it I realized I felt like we should go one step further.

In times of uncertainty, or in times of need, one of the most common practices the church has typically encouraged is not just prayer, but prayer and fasting.

The question is, why? We understand why we would pray in such times—at least somewhat—but why fast?

As we know, fasting is generally defined as depriving oneself of food for a fixed amount of time. Fasting doesn’t just happen in Christianity, of course, but all over the place, for any number of reasons. Nearly all religions which have ever existed include some kind of fasting ritual; their reasons for doing so vary wildly, but it’s always there.

If you’ve grown up in church, you’ve surely been subjected to a time of enforced prayer and fasting: they’re those times we dread all year long, because we know we’re going to feel terrible, and we don’t even really understand why it is we’re doing it.

And let me be clear: fasting isn’t just about food. In the Bible, people generally fasted food—but it wasn’t always necessarily all food, and it never says it must be food. The English pastor Martyn Lloyd Jones said, “Fasting if we conceive of it truly, must not . . . be confined to the question of food and drink; fasting should really be made to include abstinence from anything which is legitimate in and of itself for the sake of some special spiritual purpose. There are many bodily functions which are right and normal and perfectly legitimate, but which for special peculiar reasons in certain circumstances should be controlled. That is fasting.”

So it doesn’t have to be food, and if it is, it doesn’t have to be all food. But it should be something of which we’ll feel the lack. I occasionally go on an entertainment fast, during which I watch no TV, no movies, etc. I feel that (probably more than fasting food!).

So we’re going to talk about fasting today, but what we don’t want to do is simply imitate a ritual without getting to the bottom of it. The question we’re asking today is not whether or not fasting is a good idea in general, or why one would choose fasting above more traditional methods of doing whatever it is they want to do. Our question—and it’s an important one—is this: Is fasting a Christian thing to do? And if so, why? Why on earth would God take pleasure in his people depriving themselves of food? And what is the link between prayer and fasting? And can depriving ourselves of pleasure actually bring pleasure?

I’ve preached on this before, several years ago, but it’s been a long time, and many of you in the church now, unless you attend our regular prayer meetings, may have never even heard of fasting or why we do it. There’s a lot we could say about this, but one of the best clues is found in the book of Ezra, in chapter 8; the second is in Matthew chapter 9. So we’re going to do something unusual today and look at more than one text, to be able to get a fuller picture of not only the point of fasting along with prayer, but also what makes Christian fasting particular and different.

Reason 1: To Learn Humility (Ezra 8.21-23)

Just a bit of backstory to set up this passage. The capital city of the people of God was the city of Jerusalem, but in the 6th century B.C., the people of God are exiled to Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar. Then, about fifty years later the King Cyrus of Persia overthrows the Babylonian king and takes over the lands he formerly occupied. And in 538 B.C. Cyrus issues a decree declaring that the Jewish people can now return to their homeland. The first six chapters of the book of Ezra tell us the story of the first wave of exiles returning to Jerusalem and rebuilding the temple of Solomon. Then, in chapters 7-10, we see the second wave of exiles coming home about 50 years later, led by Ezra the Priest.

So our passage picks up just as they are about to leave. Ezra has just been given permission by King Artaxerxes to return home and reestablish the Mosaic Law in Jerusalem. Now apparently Ezra has spoken at great length to the King about the God of Israel, telling him that God is a mighty God who is more than able to protect his people from harm; so the King sends Ezra on his way, free to go and be protected by his God. But this creates a tiny problem for Ezra, in that he’s got a long road ahead of him; he’s traveling with a large group of people, and there will be various obstacles and enemies on the road. And although he does believe what he told Artaxerxes—that God is a powerful God who can completely protect his people—he hasn’t yet asked God to do so.

And so, starting at v. 21 of chapter 8, we see Ezra encourage the people to ask God for help.

21 Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river Ahava, that we might humble ourselves before our God, to seek from him a safe journey for ourselves, our children, and all our goods. 22 For I was ashamed to ask the king for a band of soldiers and horsemen to protect us against the enemy on our way, since we had told the king, “The hand of our God is for good on all who seek him, and the power of his wrath is against all who forsake him.” 23 So we fasted and implored our God for this, and he listened to our entreaty.

Now there is one sentence here that is key to understanding why Ezra proclaims not only that the people should pray, but that they should fast. We see it in v. 21: Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river Ahava, that we might humble ourselves before our God, to seek from him a safe journey for ourselves, our children, and all our goods. Ezra declares that the people will deprive themselves of food for a time, and ask God for protection on the road; and this fast is declared that we might humble ourselves before God.

Everyone who has ever prayed knows that they need God. This is one of the main reasons we pray in the first place: to ask God for something we can’t do for ourselves. But I’m sure you’ve all had this experience before—let’s say you need to find an apartment, and quickly. So you pray: “Lord, please let me find an apartment quickly.” And then what do you do? You go to work: you put together an immaculate renter’s profile for the owners; you go visit every bank in town to try and find the loan which will be the most advantageous to you and attractive to the owners; you visit real estate agencies and make phone calls and work your tail off.

Now, these things you do aren’t bad; they’re necessary and good. But if you’ve ever looked for an apartment, you know the state of mind you’re usually in when you do so, especially if you’re pressed for time. Most of us going through this experience are bent over backward with stress and worry about it. Most of the time it’s not industriousness or work ethic that drives us to work as hard as we do, but fear—fear that if we don’t get everything just right, we won’t find an apartment on time.

Do you see the problem in this scenario? We’ve prayed to God to ask for help because we know that God can do something we ourselves are incapable of doing, and that he knows what is best for us. But although we know that’s true, we don’t completely believe it. If we believed it, we wouldn’t be worried! We would do the work we need to do, but we would do it with confidence, because it’s the right thing to do. Most of us pray, then work our tails off in fear that God might not come through: our work is not obedience to God, but a way of providing ourselves with a safety net in case God doesn’t come through.

So fasting, in this context, is a way to help us humble ourselves before God, in order to not work in this way. Fasting is a way of expressing with our bodies our spiritual dependence on God. It’s a way of helping us to feel dependent on him and to not just know intellectually that we are. Our stomachs ache for food, and we realize, Lord, I need you THIS MUCH, and more. As much as my body feels that I need food right now, I need you even more! And that kind of prayer honors God: that kind of prayer does not try to manipulate or strong-arm God into doing something he doesn’t want to do, but comes to God with open arms and an open mouth, saying, “I need you, Lord! Fill me! Help me!” That kind of prayer humbles us before God, because we don’t merely acknowledge with our mouths that we need God’s help, but allows us to feel with our guts that we need him.

And what is the result here? v. 23: So we fasted and implored our God for this, and he listened to our entreaty. The Bible never says that fasting will automatically makes God answer our prayers the way we wanted; but it does seem to incline his heart to act on behalf of his children in a particular way.

The best example I can think of to explain why this is the case is, as usual, an example about my kids. Zadie is five years old, and she is determined to do most things herself. I see she’s doing something wrong, and I say, “Here kiddo, let me help,” and she is convinced that she knows better than me how it should be done. So I let her do hisherthing. But eventually she realizes that no, in fact Dad was probably right about this, so she’ll inevitably crack and say, “Daddy, I can’t do this; can you help me?” And because I love her, and I enjoy seeing her grow in humility (it’s a hard thing to admit you need help, after all), I don’t hesitate for a second to help her and give him what she needs.

When we humble ourselves before God—not merely verbally, but when we feel in our hearts and in our guts that we need him—God is inclined to come to the rescue of his children, because that humility honors him, and helps us grow.

That’s the first key. But there’s a question we need to ask: Is there anything different about Christian fasting? There are multiple passages in the New Testament which talk about the reality that now that Jesus has come, Christians are no longer obligated to submit to rituals and rites to earn God’s favor, like the Jews did (including fasting). And this is true—to my knowledge there is no explicit command in the New Testament that Christians fast. So when a Christian fasts, what is different about his fasting? How do we fast in a way that doesn’t try to manipulate God into giving us what we want, but that honors him?

Reason 2: To Desire What We’ve Already Tasted (Matthew 9.14-17)

For this, we need to turn to Matthew chapter 9. In this chapter, we find Jesus in full “breaking-down-the-Pharisaic-system” mode. The Pharisees were religious leaders who followed the Law of Moses to the letter: they observed every ritual, kept every law. And everything Jesus is doing goes against what they say is right. Just a few verses above our passage, in v. 9-13, Jesus has just called Matthew, a tax collector—one of the vilest occupations imaginable in that society—to be his disciple. And when the Pharisees see this, they’re shocked and outraged to see that Jesus is eating with these terrible people and calling them to follow him. To which Jesus responds in v. 13, I came not to call the righteous, but sinners. This was mind-blowingly counter-cultural.

And it is in this context that the disciples of John the Baptist come to Jesus with a question in v. 14:

14 Then the disciples of John came to him, saying, “Why do we and the Pharisees fast, but your disciples do not fast?” 15 And Jesus said to them, “Can the wedding guests mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them? The days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast. 16 No one puts a piece of unshrunk cloth on an old garment, for the patch tears away from the garment, and a worse tear is made. 17 Neither is new wine put into old wineskins. If it is, the skins burst and the wine is spilled and the skins are destroyed. But new wine is put into fresh wineskins, and so both are preserved.”

Here’s what he means. The Jews fast to express their longing of something that hasn’t yet been fulfilled. They’re still waiting on the fulfillment of God’s promises, including coming of the Messiah. For the Jews, it’s an ascetic practice meant to show their devotion and their allegiance to God’s plan. The fasting of the Jews is the old wineskin, the old cloth—the old way of doing things.

But now, Jesus says, the kingdom has come! The old wineskins and the garments have been replaced with new ones, never before used or seen. The old way of doing things has been replaced by a far better one. They no longer need to long for the coming of the kingdom of God—the kingdom of God is here! They no longer need to long for the coming of the Messiah—the Messiah is sitting right there with them! We are no longer waiting expectantly for his arrival; he is here, we have seen him and know him!

And yet, Jesus does say that it won’t always be exactly as it is now (v. 15): The days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast. After his death and resurrection, Jesus ascended back into heaven and sent his Holy Spirit to fill his disciples and empower them to proclaim the kingdom of God all over the world. So soon, he says, he will be taken away from the disciples, and THEN they will fast. So yes, they will fast; but their fasting won’t the same as the Pharisees’. In some ways it will be similar, but in one massive, fundamental way, it will be radically different.

Christian fasting is similar to the Pharisees’ fasting in that it is expectant—it does express a longing in us. Jesus promised that when the time was right, when the gospel had gone out to all corners of the earth and all of God’s children had been called to him and given new life, that he would return. He will return, and establish his kingdom here on earth.

This will happen. This is what the children of God are waiting for; this is what we are longing for; this is what we our expecting. When we fast, our hunger expresses our longing for this time when the kingdom will be fully realized, completely fulfilled.

But at the same time, Christian fasting is wildly different from the Pharisees’ fasting, because the hunger we feel when we fast is not a desperate, painful hunger: it is a satisfied hunger, because the kingdom of God has begun. The Messiah has come, and we have seen him. We have been given a foretaste of that wonderful day.

Before the kids were born, we would travel back to America nearly every Thanksgiving to celebrate the holiday with my family. (Since we planted the church we’ve spent Thanksgiving with all of you.) If you don’t know Thanksgiving, it’s basically an excuse to eat insane amounts of amazing food we only eat on that day. Every time we would go home for Thanksgiving, I had a strange experience of going back to my childhood, and it always started with the smells.

My mom begins cooking the Thanksgiving meal at around 5:00 in the morning, and as the morning progresses the smells—these very particular smells that I’ve known all my life—gradually fill the house. We don’t usually sit down to eat until 2:00 or 3:00 in the afternoon, which means we spend a lot of that time really hungry. It’s tempting to go into the pantry and grab a Twinkie or a Pop-Tart (or any number of unhealthy snacks) to calm our appetite a bit, but we don’t, because we know what’s coming. We’ve had this meal before, and we know it is so much better than the Twinkie in the pantry. And so not in spite of our hunger, but precisely because we’re so hungry, we wait: we stay patient, because we know that what’s coming will satisfy our hunger far better than anything else we could find to eat.

When we fast as Christians, we feel hungry, but our hunger is not desperate; ours is a satisfied hunger which says that we have seen the Messiah, we have tasted his graces, we have seen his glory, and we want more. We feel the stirring in our stomach that says it’s mealtime, and we turn that feeling to God and say, I long for you like this. I desire to see your glory this much.

Three Questions

There is much more that we could say about this, but as we close let me ask you a couple of questions, to help you examine yourself.

First of all, think about how you pray for something that is important to you, and what happens afterward. Ask yourself this: After I pray, do I feel anxiety over the idea that God might not act? Do I attempt to do God’s work for him, just in case? If so, consider fasting: when we fast, we humble ourselves before God, allowing ourselves to not only verbally admit our dependence on him, but to feel that dependence. And that humility both honors God and helps us to trust that he really is in control, that he really is powerful to act, and that whatever it is he does really is the best thing—even if it’s not what I wanted in the first place.

Second question: Have I tasted the joy of knowing Christ? Do I delight in his grace day after day? Do I have joy in knowing him? It’s amazing how many Christians find this difficult—it’s amazing how difficult I find this myself. In some respects it’s to be expected: we live in a fallen, corrupt world and are confronted with pain and anger and sin every day. It’s hard to feel joy and contentment in a context like that. So we need help. We need something to pull us out of ourselves and remind us of what we have in Christ, and how much better he is than all the things we so badly want on this earth. If you have a hard time delighting in God’s grace, if you have a hard time feeling the joy of knowing him, then consider fasting: when we fast, we express our satisfaction with what we already have in him: whatever it is I hunger for, God, you are so much better!

Last question: Do I long for the day when his kingdom will come? or do I rather long for pleasure in this life? Most of us rarely think about heaven, partially because it’s a little abstract to us, but mostly because we’re so preoccupied with this earth that it doesn’t even occur to us to think about the new heavens and the new earth. But we should be longing for them; we should think about them often, because that’s where our hope lies—our hope is fixed on that day when Christ will make all things new, and we will be like him, and we will live with him on this earth, perfectly renewed, and we will rejoice in his glory forever. Whatever we could find in this earth, no matter how legitimate that pleasure is, pales in comparison with the pleasure of knowing him forever (cf. Ps. 16.11). If you find it hard to long for that day, if you are preoccupied with the pleasure of this world and this life (even if that pleasure is legitimate), consider fasting: when we fast, we express our longing for what is to come—we feel the ache of whatever we have given up, and we say, Lord, I long for you LIKE THIS. I need you LIKE THIS. I hope in you LIKE THIS.

A Call to Fast

So as we conclude our series on prayer, this week I would encourage you to join me in fasting. And again, it doesn’t have to be food. But it should be something we feel. Because the point of fasting is to remind us that whatever it is we’re giving up, whatever it is that hurts us to give up, God is so much better. Sometimes not doing what feels good—depriving ourselves of what we desire—brings its own unique pleasure: that of feeling our desire for God in a particular way, and of knowing that one day, that desire will be totally and completely satisfied.

So please pray and consider fasting this week. Let’s humble ourselves before the God who has given us all things through the life, death and resurrection of his Son; let’s not only acknowledge, but feel our dependence on him; let’s remind ourselves, through what we’re giving up, of what we’re waiting for. Let’s feel more keenly, in our guts, the desire for that wonderful day, when Christ will return and make all things new.